{"id":52083,"date":"2026-04-08T08:56:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T06:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skan.clients.ideeal.ch\/?post_type=services&#038;p=52083"},"modified":"2026-05-13T17:34:43","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T15:34:43","slug":"cfd-simulations","status":"publish","type":"services","link":"https:\/\/skan.com\/en\/services\/pharma-en\/design-qualification\/cfd-simulations","title":{"rendered":"CFD simulations"},"content":{"rendered":"    <section  class=\"section-feature-grid pt-default pb-default\">\r\n        <div class=\"container\">\r\n                            <header class=\"entry-header any-b0\">\r\n                                            <h5>CFD simulations at a glance<\/h5>\r\n                                                                <h2>The most realistic isolator airflow visualization for Annex 1 compliance<\/h2>\r\n                                    <\/header>\r\n                                        <ul class=\"feature-grid-list list-reset\">\r\n                                                                                                <li>\r\n                                <div class=\"feature-grid-item any-b0\">\r\n                                    <figure class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><rect x=\"0.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"M7 11.7308L10.5 15.5L17 8.5\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                                            <h3>Transparent airflow visualization<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                                <p>Simulation and representation of air flow profiles in isolators<\/p>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                        <li>\r\n                                <div class=\"feature-grid-item any-b0\">\r\n                                    <figure class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><rect x=\"0.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"M7 11.7308L10.5 15.5L17 8.5\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                                            <h3>Early risk detection<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                                <p>Identification of potential turbulence, dead zones, and recirculation already at the design stage<\/p>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                        <li>\r\n                                <div class=\"feature-grid-item any-b0\">\r\n                                    <figure class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><rect x=\"0.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"M7 11.7308L10.5 15.5L17 8.5\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                                            <h3>Pressure cascades under control<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                                <p>Modeling and assurance of stable pressure differentials between isolator zones<\/p>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                        <li>\r\n                                <div class=\"feature-grid-item any-b0\">\r\n                                    <figure class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><rect x=\"0.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"M7 11.7308L10.5 15.5L17 8.5\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                                            <h3>Informed design decisions<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                                <p>Data-driven optimization of isolator layout and airflow management<\/p>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                        <li>\r\n                                <div class=\"feature-grid-item any-b0\">\r\n                                    <figure class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><rect x=\"0.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"M7 11.7308L10.5 15.5L17 8.5\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                                            <h3>Reduced design iterations<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                                <p>Minimization of costly design modifications through simulations prior to construction<\/p>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                        <li>\r\n                                <div class=\"feature-grid-item any-b0\">\r\n                                    <figure class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><rect x=\"0.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"M7 11.7308L10.5 15.5L17 8.5\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                                            <h3>Regulatory assurance<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                                <p>Traceable simulation results to support audits and inspections<\/p>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                        <li>\r\n                                <div class=\"feature-grid-item any-b0\">\r\n                                    <figure class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><rect x=\"0.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"M7 11.7308L10.5 15.5L17 8.5\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                                            <h3>Validation in accordance with Annex 1<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                                <p>Demonstration of unidirectional airflow and homogeneous velocity distribution<\/p>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                        <li>\r\n                                <div class=\"feature-grid-item any-b0\">\r\n                                    <figure class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><rect x=\"0.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"M7 11.7308L10.5 15.5L17 8.5\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                                            <h3>Strengthening the CCS<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                                <p>Quantitative basis for the Contamination Control Strategy (CCS) in accordance with EU-GMP Annex 1<\/p>\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/li>\r\n                                                            <\/ul>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n\n\n    <section  class=\"section-image-text pt-default pb-default reverse default\">\r\n        <div class=\"container\">\r\n            <div class=\"entry-grid\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"text\">\r\n                        <div class=\"text-inner\">\r\n                                                            <h5>Application<\/h5>\r\n                                                                                        <h2>Verified quality and compliance of isolator designs<\/h2>\r\n                                                                                                                    <ul class=\"feature-list list-reset\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                <li>\r\n                                                <div class=\"feature-item\">\r\n                                                                                                            <figure>\r\n                                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" src=\"https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/CFD-Simulationen.svg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                        <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                            <h3>For visualization and validation of airflow<\/h3>\n<p>Simulation and visualization of laminar airflow patterns within the isolator. Verification of unidirectional airflow and air velocity distribution in accordance with Annex 1. Identification of potential turbulence or recirculation zones that could compromise aseptic conditions.<\/p>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <li>\r\n                                                <div class=\"feature-item\">\r\n                                                                                                            <figure>\r\n                                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" src=\"https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Loesungsorientiert.svg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                        <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                            <h3>For isolator design optimization<\/h3>\n<p>Guidance of equipment layout and airflow design to develop isolator solutions that perform as intended from the outset, reducing the need for costly design updates. Evidence-based justification to support regulatory inspections and audits.<\/p>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/ul>\r\n                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"image\">\r\n                        <figure class=\"\">\r\n                                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1404\" height=\"1560\" src=\"https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-illustration.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"CFD Flow Simulaton\" srcset=\"https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-illustration.jpg 1404w, https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-illustration-270x300.jpg 270w, https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-illustration-922x1024.jpg 922w, https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-illustration-768x853.jpg 768w, https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-illustration-1382x1536.jpg 1382w, https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-illustration-357x397.jpg 357w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\" \/>                                                    <\/figure>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\n\n    <section  class=\"section-process-element pt-default pb-default\">\r\n        <div class=\"container\">\r\n                            <header class=\"entry-header any-b0\">\r\n                                            <h5>Process<\/h5>\r\n                                                                <h2>Your path to optimal isolator design<\/h2>\r\n                                    <\/header>\r\n                                        <div class=\"swiper process-element-slider\">\r\n                    <button class=\"swiper-button-prev\" type=\"button\">\r\n                        <span class=\"accessibility\">Previous slide<\/span>\r\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" width=\"22\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 18\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m9 17.003-8-8 8-8M1 9.003h21\" stroke=\"#004682\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                    <\/button>\r\n                    <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper list-reset\">\r\n                                                                                                                <li class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"process-element\">\r\n                                                                                    <div>\r\n                                                <span class=\"number\">1<\/span>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                    <h3>Project initiation<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                <p>Definition of objectives and collection of project-specific data.<\/p>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <li class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"process-element\">\r\n                                                                                    <div>\r\n                                                <span class=\"number\">2<\/span>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                    <h3>Geometry and grid generation<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                <p>Preparation of a detailed geometric model based on multiple data sources. Development of a high-resolution computational grid.<\/p>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <li class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"process-element\">\r\n                                                                                    <div>\r\n                                                <span class=\"number\">3<\/span>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                    <h3>Definition of boundary conditions<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                <p>Specification of inlet\/outlet conditions and wall behavior. Modeling air as an ideal gas using an appropriate turbulence model. Precise setup of fluid parameters, temperature, and pressure.<\/p>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <li class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"process-element\">\r\n                                                                                    <div>\r\n                                                <span class=\"number\">4<\/span>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                    <h3>Numerical solution<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                <p>Iterative computation using specialized software (e.g., ANSYS CFX). Ensuring convergence by reducing residuals by at least three orders of magnitude.<\/p>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                            <li class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"process-element\">\r\n                                                                                    <div>\r\n                                                <span class=\"number\">5<\/span>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                            <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                    <h3>Evaluation and visualization<\/h3>\r\n                                                                                                <p>Visualization of airflow using streamlines and pressure fields. Identification of critical zones to support targeted risk assessment.<\/p>\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <\/li>\r\n                                                                        <\/ul>\r\n                    <button class=\"swiper-button-next\" type=\"button\">\r\n                        <span class=\"accessibility\">Next slide<\/span>\r\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" width=\"22\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 18\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m13 17.003 8-8-8-8M21 9.003H0\" stroke=\"#004682\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                    <\/button>\r\n                    <nav class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/nav>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n\n\n    <section  class=\"section-image-text pt-default pb-default default\">\r\n        <div class=\"container\">\r\n            <div class=\"entry-grid\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"text\">\r\n                        <div class=\"text-inner\">\r\n                                                            <h5>Service highlights<\/h5>\r\n                                                                                        <h2>Identify risks before they arise<\/h2>\r\n                                                                                                                    <ul class=\"feature-list list-reset\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                <li>\r\n                                                <div class=\"feature-item\">\r\n                                                                                                            <figure>\r\n                                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" src=\"https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Zyklusentwicklung.svg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                        <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                            <h3>Targeted risk minimization<\/h3>\n<p>CFD simulations make critical flow phenomena visible before they occur in the actual system. Turbulence, recirculation zones, or areas with insufficient air velocity are identified and evaluated at an early stage.<\/p>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <li>\r\n                                                <div class=\"feature-item\">\r\n                                                                                                            <figure>\r\n                                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" src=\"https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Qualifizierung.svg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                        <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                            <h3>Validated airflow<\/h3>\n<p>Unidirectional airflow and stable pressure cascades are demonstrated and documented in accordance with the requirements of EU-GMP Annex 1. The results provide a robust basis for qualification, audits, and regulatory inspections.<\/p>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <li>\r\n                                                <div class=\"feature-item\">\r\n                                                                                                            <figure>\r\n                                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" src=\"https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Clean.svg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                        <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                            <h3>Support of the CCS<\/h3>\n<p>Data-driven decision-making within the Contamination Control Strategy (CCS) regarding airflow, pressure, and facility layout. Strengthening of the overarching risk management documentation required under Annex 1.<\/p>\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/ul>\r\n                                                                                <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"image\">\r\n                        <figure class=\"\">\r\n                                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1404\" height=\"1560\" src=\"https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"CFD Flow Data\" srcset=\"https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation.png 1404w, https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-270x300.png 270w, https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-922x1024.png 922w, https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-768x853.png 768w, https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-1382x1536.png 1382w, https:\/\/skan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cfd-flow-simulation-357x397.png 357w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\" \/>                                                    <\/figure>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\n\n    <section  class=\"section-tabs-technical-information pt-default pb-default\">\r\n        <div class=\"container\">\r\n                            <h2>Technical specifications<\/h2>\r\n                                        <ul class=\"site-tablist\" data-tabs role=\"tablist\">\r\n                                                                    <li>\r\n                            <a href=\"#tab-Packageoptions0block_b87a02aed9758404090140396529c950\" data-tabby-default>Package options<\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                                                    <li>\r\n                            <a href=\"#tab-Includedservices1block_b87a02aed9758404090140396529c950\" >Included services<\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                    <\/ul>\r\n                <div class=\"site-tab-content-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                                <div id=\"tab-Packageoptions0block_b87a02aed9758404090140396529c950\" class=\"tab-content any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                    <ul class=\"technical-information-list list-reset\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                <li>\r\n                                                    <figure aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\".5\" y=\".5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"m7 11.73 3.5 3.77 6.5-7\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                                    <h5>CFD simulations package<\/h5>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                            <p>Airflow visualization, Decontamination cycle homogenization, Detailed CFD studies, Particle tracking<\/p>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/ul>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                                        <div id=\"tab-Includedservices1block_b87a02aed9758404090140396529c950\" class=\"tab-content any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                    <ul class=\"technical-information-list list-reset\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                <li>\r\n                                                    <figure aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\".5\" y=\".5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"m7 11.73 3.5 3.77 6.5-7\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                                    <h5>Simulation scope<\/h5>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                            <p>Calculation of turbulent, isothermal, compressible airflow<\/p>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <li>\r\n                                                    <figure aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\".5\" y=\".5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"m7 11.73 3.5 3.77 6.5-7\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                                    <h5>Considered factors<\/h5>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                            <p>Ideal gas properties and steady-state system components<\/p>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <li>\r\n                                                    <figure aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\".5\" y=\".5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"m7 11.73 3.5 3.77 6.5-7\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                                    <h5>Data provision<\/h5>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                            <p>Provision of all visualizations, images, and diagrams<\/p>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <li>\r\n                                                    <figure aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                                                                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\".5\" y=\".5\" width=\"23\" height=\"23\" rx=\"11.5\" fill=\"#E2ECF0\" stroke=\"#C5D9E1\"\/><path d=\"m7 11.73 3.5 3.77 6.5-7\" stroke=\"#004682\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"square\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/figure>\r\n                                                    <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                                                                                                    <h5>Documentation<\/h5>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                            <p>Detailed CFD Study report<\/p>\r\n                                                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                        <\/ul>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\n\n    <section  class=\"section-download-accordions pt-default pb-default\">\r\n        <div class=\"container\">\r\n            <div class=\"entry-grid\">\r\n                <div class=\"any-b0\">\r\n                                            <h2>FAQs<\/h2>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    <div>\r\n                                                    <ul class=\"site-accordion accordion list-reset\">\r\n                                                                                                                                                <li>\r\n                                            <button class=\"opener\" type=\"button\">\r\n                                                <span>What is a CFD study?<\/span>\r\n                                                <span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\r\n                                            <\/button>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"slide any-b0 has-custom-list\">\r\n                                                    <p>A numerical simulation of airflow used to visualize air velocity and pressure.<\/p>\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                    <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                    <li>\r\n                                            <button class=\"opener\" type=\"button\">\r\n                                                <span>How is the accuracy of CFD results ensured?<\/span>\r\n                                                <span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\r\n                                            <\/button>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"slide any-b0 has-custom-list\">\r\n                                                    <p>Through converged solutions using validated models, with residuals reduced by at least three orders of magnitude.<\/p>\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                    <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                    <li>\r\n                                            <button class=\"opener\" type=\"button\">\r\n                                                <span>Why is 0.065 m\/s considered the critical minimum air velocity?<\/span>\r\n                                                <span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\r\n                                            <\/button>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"slide any-b0 has-custom-list\">\r\n                                                    <p>This ensures reliable removal of particles and prevents their deposition on surfaces, for example in vial transport areas.<\/p>\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                    <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                    <li>\r\n                                            <button class=\"opener\" type=\"button\">\r\n                                                <span>How can CFD studies help identify design weaknesses?<\/span>\r\n                                                <span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\r\n                                            <\/button>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"slide any-b0 has-custom-list\">\r\n                                                    <p>They highlight critical airflow zones and enable targeted improvements to system layout and design.<\/p>\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                    <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                    <li>\r\n                                            <button class=\"opener\" type=\"button\">\r\n                                                <span>What role do CFD studies play in GMP and audits?<\/span>\r\n                                                <span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\r\n                                            <\/button>\r\n                                                                                            <div class=\"slide any-b0 has-custom-list\">\r\n                                                    <p>They provide verifiable evidence of airflow compliance and can be used in regulatory inspections and documentation.<\/p>\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                    <\/li>\r\n                                                                                                <\/ul>\r\n    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